FORMATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE EAST SLAVIC CITY - THE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER IN THE RUSSIAN HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE 18TH CENTURY

FORMATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE EAST SLAVIC CITY - THE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER IN THE RUSSIAN HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE 18TH CENTURY

In Russian historiography, for more than a century, there have been disputes about the possible reasons for the origin of East Slavic / Old Russian cities.Today, several hypotheses coexist: 1) cities are products of state power, 2) their emergence was influenced by the trade and craft factor, 3) the needs of defense influenced the formation of town

read more


Evaluation of Before Operational Stress: A Program to Support Mental Health and Proactive Psychological Protection in Public Safety Personnel

Public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., communications officials, corrections workers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers) are at risk of developing mental health problems due to experiencing potentially psychologically traumatic events during their Ornament Gift Box career.Research examining evidence-based treatments for psychological injur

read more